Do All Rays and Skates Sting With Barbs

There are several hundred species of rays and skates. These animals are essentially flattened sharks. They are classified in the same taxonomic class (elasmobranchii) as sharks, but many skates and rays spend much of their time on the ocean bottom, hence their flat appearance. All skates and rays have a diamond shape, made up of their body and their wing-like pectoral fins. They also have tails: have a shorter, fleshier tail while rays have a long, whip-like tail. Rays may have one or two spines in their tail that they use in self-defense. The spines are modified dermal denticles  that have spongy, venomous tissue inside. A stingray that is surprised can whip its tail into a perceived threat. The spine stays behind and poisons the victim with its venom. In addition, it is difficult to remove, because it has serrations that point toward its base, similar to the end of a fish hook. Do All Rays Sting? There are many species of rays. These include stingrays, electric rays, manta rays, butterfly rays, and round rays. The odd-looking sawfish and guitarfish are also classified as rays. Not all of these rays have stingers (the giant manta ray doesnt have a stinger), and not all rays sting. However, there are rays, such as southern stingrays  and yellow stingrays, that inhabit shallow waters near sandy beaches, and you should use caution when swimming in these areas. How to Avoid a Stingray Sting If you live or vacation in areas with sandy bottoms where rays might be present (e.g. Florida and southern California), youll want to become familiar with the stingray shuffle. What does this mean? Instead of stepping normally when youre in the water, drag your feet as you walk. This will alert a stingray to your presence and then it will likely move away before it does any harm. If you do step on something soft, step off it as quickly as possible. What to Do If You Get Stung by a Stingray If you are stung by a stingray, stay as calm as possible. Stingray stings can vary as to how painful they are. Most arent fatal.  If you are stung, get out of the water and seek medical attention to make sure the sting is treated properly, as stings not properly treated can result in secondary infection. Symptoms associated with a stingray sting include nausea, weakness, anxiety, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, and breathing difficulties. Medical treatment may involve removing any foreign matter left in the wound, washing and disinfecting the wound, and submerging the wound in very hot water (as hot as the victim can stand). The hot water can help with pain and deactivating the venom.   Do Stingrays in Aquariums Sting? Stingrays in petting tanks in aquariums usually have their stinging spine(s) removed so that they dont sting visitors or handlers.   Resources and Further Reading Bester, Cathleen. â€Å"Skate Ray FAQ.† Florida Museum, University of Florida, 5 Sept. 2018.Iversen, Edwin S., and Renate H. Skinner. Dangerous Sea Life of the West Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico: a Guide for Accident Prevention and First Aid. Pineapple, 2006.Martin, R. Aidan. â€Å"Batoids: Sawfishes, Guitarfishes, Electric Rays, Skates, and Sting Rays.† Biology of Sharks and Rays, ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research.ï » ¿Weis, Judith S. Do Fish Sleep?: Fascinating Answers to Questions about Fishes. Rutgers University, 2011.

Ronald Reagan’s A Time For Choosing Speech Essay - 1784 Words

Millions of viewers tuned into the National Broadcasting Company television network for a special broadcast on the 27th of October. Viewers were anticipating Ronald Reagan’s â€Å"A Time for Choosing† speech. Reagan was acknowledged for his acting in motion pictures and television episodes since 1937, and was now being seen in an unfamiliar role. Reagan emerged in support of the Republican nominee Barry Goldwater. Barry Morris Goldwater was a businessman and five-term United States Senator from Arizona and the Republican Partys nominee for president in the 1964 election. â€Å"A Time for Choosing† was effective, because he gave personal examples to capture the audiences’ attention, and gave humor to a tough subject. The United States†¦show more content†¦For the audience he gives them examples of how government interference hurts Americans and also allusions to past times such as the revolution and how the founding fathers did not want a big gove rnment. He shares that he has â€Å"an uncomfortable feeling that this prosperity isn’t something on which we base our hopes the future.† Reagan’s ability to connect with his audience was rare and unlike many of his colleagues. Whether the topics he spoke on were always relevant to that of the listener, it did not always matter. Reagan had gained strong speaking skills while previously working in the acting industry thus enabling him to better connect with his audience. Reagan believes that the country is headed in the wrong direction and that America has several challenges at home and abroad. America’s government was in an economic crisis during the time this speech was given. He knew the citizens needed to hear something strong and powerful that promised change for a better way of life. â€Å"A Time for Choosing† was deliberative and not only informed and inspired the audience but it also provided America with a lighthearted source of entertainment. The style changes at the end of the speech and establishes an optimistic anticipation for the future. Reagan constructs the case for Goldwater and states in his closing sentence â€Å"We will keep in mind and remember that Barry Goldwater has faith in us. He has faithShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Time For Choosing By Ronald Reagan1327 Words    |  6 PagesRonald Reagan Declaring for President in 1964 Just over two years before Ronald Reagan competed in his first statewide or national office, the former actor gave a speech in support of a doomed presidential candidate, Senator Barry Goldwater. This speech had little effect on 1964 presidential election. However, the â€Å"A Time for Choosing† speech established Ronald Reagan as the future of the conservative movement, and outlined his view of what America should be. â€Å"A Time for Choosing† fastened Reagan’sRead MorePolitical Discourse And Political Politics1359 Words   |  6 Pagesthere will always be some level of partisan resistance within our essentially two party system. In 1964, partisan politics were starting to replace debates over issues as the main political discourse and A Time for Choosing takes full advantage of those sentiments. At the beginning of his speech, Reagan mentions his past as a liberal democrat. According to his own auto-biography, An American Life, Reagan aligned with the lef t until his relationship with conservative actress, Nancy Davis. During theRead MoreRonald Reagan Elected Governor935 Words   |  4 PagesOn November 8, 1966 California voters elected Republican candidate Ronald Reagan as the states 33rd Governor. 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Nevertheless, California embodied the American ideals of opportunity that proliferated during the era- the opportunity for prosperity and success and upward social mobility through hard work. The economic output of the â€Å"nation’s state† was spectacular, rivaling even some of the largest nations of the time, surpassed only by six other nations. (Governor Reagan) This unmatched economic dominance wasRead MoreBest Vs. Worst Communicators967 Words   |  4 Pagespeople come to mind, former United States President Ronald Reagan and the former Chief Executive Officer of British Petroleum (BP) Tony Hayward, respectively. Both of these men exhibited certain attributes that affected the way that audiences received the messages they were attempting to convey. One of the key characteristics of good communication is being knowledgeable on the subject you are speaking about. Most of the great communicators such as Ronald Reagan ensure that they carry out their due diligenceRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of â€Å"A Time For Choosing†2096 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Darian Ms. White English 101.42 2 October 2013 An Analysis of â€Å"A Time For Choosing† Millions of viewers tuned into the National Broadcasting Company television network for a special broadcast on the 27th of October. Viewers were anticipating Ronald Reagan’s â€Å"A Time for Choosing† speech. Reagan was acknowledged for his acting in motion pictures and television episodes since 1937, and was now being seen in an unfamiliar role. Reagan emerged in support of the Republican nominee Barry GoldwaterRead MoreRonald Wilson Reag The Oldest Man Ever Be Elected President Of The United States910 Words   |  4 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan, born on February 6, 1911 to Nelle Wilson and John Edward (Jack) Reagan in the town of in Tampico, Illinois, was the oldest man ever to be elected President of the United States. His family settled in Dixon, Illinois in 1920. After graduating from Dixon High School in 1928, Reagan attended Eureka (Illinois) College where he majored in economics and sociology. In 1937, Reagan was â€Å"discovered† by an agent for Warner B rothers and offered a seven-year contract as an actor. He movedRead MoreRonald Reagan, The Great Communicator Of The United States Of America Essay2033 Words   |  9 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan, the great communicator of the United States of America began his legacy of embodying the conservative movement during one of the most famous speeches in American history. Before Ronald Reagan became the fortieth president of the United States, he began his switch from acting and movies to government and politics. Early in Reagan’s career he saw himself as a democrat, with Theodore Roosevelt as his hero. This would change thru his acting and professional career as Ronald Reagan

Markeying Technology Tiffany & Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Markeying Technology Tiffany Company. Answer: Introduction Todays companies start with less effort with the help of modern technology which has made it possible for almost anything to happen (Cowley, 2017). But some companies made it through all the years of transitions (Cowley, 2017). Tiffany and company is one of the companies, having 18 decades of existence with jewellery as the main product. It is a global company dating back from 1837 in New York City, USA Topic All the resources for the Tiffany Co. come from the environment by mining making the company accountable for the effects encountered. Diamond and gemstone jewellery are the significant sources of revenue to Tiffany. The company has gained more respect for initiating essential feelings like love between people. For a new product to sell, sometimes advertisements are done by celebrities depending on their public influence. They use the brands when shooting video footages increasing chances of selling products especially from Tiffany (Ismailova, 2017). For any brand business, there must be a retail platform for exchange. Tiffany has many operational stores; 122 in the US, 72 in the Pacific, 38 in Europe, 56 in Japan, 5 in the UAE and 1 in Russia. This made the company independent raising its profits and net sales. New marketing places like India, Russia and the Arab countries give hope to the improvement of the company in the coming years (Ismailova, 2017). India has the best human resources and favourable conditions developing the economy in the Gem and Jewelry sector. The GDP growth rate for India was 5% by 2014. Indians are among the largest consumers of jewellery because of their culture and traditions. This provides the first opportunity for Tiffany Company. India owns 80% of the worldwide market diamond industry (Ismailova, 2017). Qatar is supposed to be a lucky country with high living standards within two decades according to the Qatar National Vision 2030. It is still working on its national brand that is expected to improve its international relationship regarding adventure, education and sports. For Tiffany to put more targets in its crosshairs, Qatar should make the chance by launching a national brand. The expenses on luxury are high in the country having a GDP of $171.5 billion and a growth rate of 14.2 percent per annum (Ismailova, 2017). Diamonds from Belgium are of the highest value. Tiffanys partnership with the nation has earned it massive profits. Despite having only one store in Belgium, Tiffany gains a lot from the high rate of diamond supply with fewer risks and nearly no competition. Belgium is cautious on the issue of environment since the activities and influences of Tiffany Company (Ismailova, 2017). Conclusion Tiffany Company has a readily available market that has grown ever since based on its reliability and high-quality products (Ismailova, 2017). Many customers trust the company for better goods and services. Its investments in new places indicates progress. Many challenges has made the company stronger in business. References Cowley, M. (2017). Transcending Time: A case-study of Tiffany Co's 'Iconic Marketing Formula' - Emarkable.ie. [online] Emarkable.ie. Available at: https://www.emarkable.ie/2016/12/transcending-time-a-case-study-of-tiffany-co-s-iconic-marketing-formula/ [Accessed 31 Oct. 2017]. Ismailova, K. (2017). Case Study Tiffany amp; Co. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/12150548/Case_Study_Tiffany_and_Co [Accessed 31 Oct. 2017].

My View On Life And Death Essays - Thanatopsis, Thou, Afterlife

My View On Life And Death My View On Life And Death Thanatopsis, a poem by William Cullen Bryant, tells about how when one dies the grave becomes an endless world, how the deceased become one with the earth, the trees, and everything that is great within the earth, and how when one dies they do not die alone. He uses strong words to describe the feelings and visions one sees when they are in their last hours and even after they have passed away. The author makes death seem like something that should not be feared and should almost be looked forward to. "When thoughts of the last bitter hour come like a blight over thy spirit, and sad images of the stern agony, and shroud, and pall, and breathless darkness, and the narrow house, make thee to shudder, and grow sick at heart- Go forth, under the open sky, and list to Nature's teachings, while from all around- Earth and her waters, and the depths of air- comes a still voice"(Bryant 153). I think that Bryant is taking what can be considered the stereotype of what death and dying feels like and putting it in some very descriptive and strong words. He then goes on to show, from what I gather, how one should really feel when dying. I think the author's opinion of death is that it should be a happy and relaxing experience. He tries to show that when dying instead of feeling deep sorrow and pain you will become embraced by mother nature and her calmness and it will be a soothing experience rather than a painful and devastating experience. After reading this poem and seeing such strong descriptive words I can understand and almost invision how dying could be a pleasant experience, rather than going along with most of societies stereotypical ideas of how death really is. "Earth that nourished thee, shall claim thy growth, to be resolved to earth again, and, lost each human trace, surrendering up thine individual being, shalt thou go to mix forever with the elements, to be a brother to the insensible rock and to the sluggish clod, which the rude swain turns with his share, and treads upon"(Bryant 153). In saying this, the author is trying to say that when one has fully embraced death, instead of staying in a small grave in the ground, the deceased will become one with the earth. Even in showing how death is wonderful he uses such powerful, descriptive words. Becoming a part of the earth and befriending all the elements sounds like a dream come true the way he puts it. It almost seems as if this is how Bryant portrays heaven or the after life. This is another way of showing how death should be a pleasant, soothing experience. In my opinion, if how he describes this part of dying is really how it is, than I would totally back him up on his point that death should be a pleasant experience. I am undecided weather I should fear death or if I should look forward to it. "Yet not to thine eternal resting-place shalt thou retire alone, nor couldst thou wish couch more magnificent. Thou shalt lie down with patriarchs of the infant world- with kings, the powerful of the earth- the wise, the good, fair forms, and hoary seers of ages past, all in one mighty sepulcher"(Bryant 153). In lines 31 through 37 of Thanatopsis, as quoted above, Bryant says that when a deceased one lays down into his or her eternal resting place they could never imagine such a wonderful place to lay down forever. He continues to say, as he does in the rest of the poem, that one's eternal resting place could never have been thought of as such a wonderful place that one could love so much. In a way he describes it to be a huge couch which when you lay down upon it you just melt in and never feel like getting up, by saying "nor couldst thou wish couch more magnificent". The way he describes the resting place sounds exactly like the stereotype that has also been formed of what heaven is like, a wonderful place where you sleep in the clouds and are joined with all of the people and things you love. In reading the poem and writing this response I have thought a lot about wether or not dying should be something to look forward to or to dread. When reading Bryant's

Cognitive Behavioral Approach

Introduction Mental health is quite important in defining the mental well being of a person. This is due to the fact that the mind and behavior are interconnected. Poor coordination or disconnection between the two renders a person in a state of abnormality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Behavioral Approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this context, reality implies what the society has conceived to be acceptable and those who deviate from such standards or do not agree are considered to be abnormal (Plomba, 2010). This approach is psychologically referred to as cognitive behavioral approach. This reflective essay discusses cognitive behavioral approach and how it might be incorporated in a counselor’s work, with reference to several authentic references. Cognitive Therapy From a general perspective, cognitive process encompasses a wide range of a person’s mental health and composi tion. These elements include but not limited to mental images, attitudes, ideas and beliefs. This is to say that cognitive therapy is founded on the argument that some health complications in a person’s life could be attributed to his or her way of thinking. Such health problems may include phobias and depression among others. In this line of thought, it suffices to mention that therapists are usually charged with the responsibility of explaining the mental patterns of clients for their better understanding (Plomba, 2010). This is usually important in analyzing the safety, truthfulness and overall nature of one’s thoughts, since thoughts have the potential of causing health problems or worsening a mild and manageable health issue. The main aim of this approach is to allow a person to change his or her way of thinking by avoiding related imaginations and thoughts. It can further augment the ability of a person to adopt more realistic and productive thoughts. From this a nalogy, I believe that thoughts play a significant role in defining a person’s overall health status, even though mental health is more profound. In essence, thoughts create a link between stimuli that are commonly evoked in the human body. In other words, stimuli trigger various thoughts, which could be as a result of personal judgment concerning an issue, which in turn generates emotions at any given moment (Counseling Directory, 2012). Similarly, it is worth noting that under cognitive therapy, an emotional response is always triggered by the stimulus and individual judgment and perception over the stimulus. In addition, there are two assumptions, which emphasize the use cognitive therapy. The first is when the client in question has the mental capability of recognizing personal thoughts and the need of changing them.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second assumption, w hich is equally important, is that the reality may be distorted or misrepresented especially in cases where there are stimuli being elicited. This interference usually affects the accuracy of the reality. For instance, what a person perceives with regard to a given experience and expected emotions may result into him or her being rejected during a job interview. Consequently, one may feel that the outcome of such an interview could have been influenced by his or her fundamental incompetence (Counseling Directory, 2012). This may result into depression and discouragement from making similar advances and applications in future. On the other hand, if an applicant feels that he did not go through the interview because of the existence of a strong competition, these feelings may breed disappointment that does not have elements of discouragement. This may persuade such a person to reapply for other related jobs. Essentially, cognitive therapy affirms that psychological disturbance is caus ed by imaginations that are distorted, leading to the existence of stressful emotions. This theory is based on cases of mental depression, when people experience uncontrollable negative thoughts, when responding to a stimulus, which is expected to arouse positive thoughts (Mulhauser, 2012). This affirms the fact that distressed emotions may alter one’s response and even future reactions towards similar events in life. For example, a student who is being requested to remain silent in class to minimize noise may feel that whatever he or she is doing in class is wrong and irrelevant. Similarly, the same client may doubt positive statements put across, honoring his name and decide not to perform better in future. Additionally, one may feel that he was in a pathetic state when it is mentioned to him that he has registered exceptional improvement. Such thoughts are likely to evoke negative feelings of hopelessness and diminished self-esteem in the long-run. This may result into sta bilizing or worsening of an individual’s depression status. In handling such clients, I highly advise councilors to beware of the impact of the behavior of the client towards mental recovery and mental stability (Mulhauser, 2012). Cognitive therapy focuses on the interplay between behavior, thoughts and individual’s emotions with regard to existing external stimuli. Moreover, past experiences may be important in analyzing these cases, which could be essential in lowering stress among clients.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Behavioral Approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Behavioral Therapy This has become a common tool for councilors dealing with clients, experiencing behavior change of any nature, including but not limited to anxiety disorders, addictions and phobias. In the understanding of how this therapy functions, it is worth noting that it capitalizes on the fact that behavior can be learnt by a person or altered based on existing circumstances (Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes Resko, 2011). Importantly, this approach principally assumes past and future events, which may have impact on a person’s behavior. In this line of thought, a councilor who adopts this approach puts into consideration the existing events alone. Several efforts have been made in understanding the concept of behavioral therapy. For instance, Ivan Pavlov is highly credited for his experiment that was carried out on dogs and their ability to change behavior depending of present events. In the research, it was found that the sound of a bell affected the behavior of dogs as they associated it with food (Dattilio Hanna, 2012). As a result, the dogs salivated even in the absence of food. Although this was the case, it was also noted that the intensity of the dogs salivating dropped remarkably as long as the bell sounded without the appearance of food. This observation denotes the relationship between conditioned response and conditioned stimulus, represented by salivating and the ringing of the bell respectively. Based on this approach, psychotherapists have always considered it when handling clients with phobias. It involves a gradual exposure of the client to the stimulus, which is responsible for the phobia. As a result, they are able to recondition the manner in which they respond towards the stimulus (Dattilio Hanna, 2012). On the other hand, B.F Skinner carried out a research whose main focus was on the relationship between reconditioning and rewards (Wright, 2004). The experiment allowed the automatic feeding of a rat with a dispenser, making it relate food to the noise made by the apparatus. Later on, a lever was raised after the rat had gotten used to the behavior. The purpose of the lever was to allow the food to be dispensed once the rat came into contact with it. Consequently, the rat regularly engaged the lever since it had gotten used to the noise. How the n can this technique be applied among human beings? I found out that the rat analogy can be used to help people who are faced with mental disorders in the society through the reinforcement of acceptable behavior or discouraging undesirable conduct among people (Wright, 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Behavioral therapy is regarded as a very important tool in counseling since it aims at reversing harmful behavior to what is more acceptable in the society. It is vital to mention that there are several techniques, which are commonly applied when using behavioral therapy by psychologists (Sheldon, 2011). Nevertheless, a common approach is avoidance of situations that are likely to expose somebody to anxiety. As mentioned above, this is common in handling people who have phobias. Such avoidance may sometimes become too severe to affect a person’s daily life. Exposure therapy is commonly recommended in such cases where the avoidance is extreme. Under this, a person is introduced to more fearful scenarios gradually until they become familiar. During this period, the therapist is usually tasked with teaching the client how to manage anxiety and the ability to face situations, which are considered to be fearful (Corsini Wedding, 2011). A simple technique like breathing in has bee n found to work in some cases. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy From the analysis of the two therapies commonly applied in psychological counseling, I found out that human thoughts and behavior are crucial in describing the occurrence of anxiety. For example, cognitive therapy defines how our reactions are major contributing factors towards anxiety, while behavioral therapy denotes the behavior and reactions of a person when faced with circumstances, which are known to evoke anxiety (Sheldon, 2011). When the two therapies are combined to form a blend, the product is referred to as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, commonly abbreviated as CBT. According to research, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one of most applied therapies by psychologists during counseling. Besides its wide-usage, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is regarded to be more effective as compared to other counseling tools used in handling disorders and phobias among countless conditions, which are related to one’s mental h ealth. Of importance is the fact that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy focuses on harmful patterns and disturbances, regarding the manner in which we perceive the world and ourselves in general. The basis of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is that our feelings are predominantly affected with our thoughts and not the events, which happen on a daily basis. Many psychologists agree that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy allows the application of a wider domain in helping anxious and distressed clients to attain normalcy in life (Sheldon, 2011). This combination is usually preferred because a person’s behavior reflects the mode of thinking towards situations or things in life. However, certain aspects of the two therapies in the mix may vary from one person to another depending on specific cases being handled. This is to say that a counselor ought to analyze the case first before making a final decision on either combining the two treatment options or adopting one of them. For instance, psyc hologists prefer using behavioral therapy when handling Obsessive Compulsive Disorder among clients. By combining cognitive and behavioral therapies, CBT usually aims at changing the thinking patterns of a person, which concern the cognitive part of the body and response to thoughts that determine behavior. Unlike other approaches used in handling mental cases, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy aims at the current situation, without bothering the cause of the existing issue (Sheldon, 2011). Additionally, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is known for its ability to break bulky problems into manageable portions that do not exert pressure on the client. This makes it easier for the client and the counselor to attain a point of consensus in finding a solution to an existing problem. In essence, these sections of the problem can be described as thoughts, actions and physical feelings. Importantly, each one of these elements has the ability to have impact on the other. For instance, a personâ€⠄¢s thoughts about something can have physical and emotional impact, which may ultimately alter his or her behavior (Corsini Wedding, 2011). Another factor to consider when analyzing the application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is that most people tend to learn irrelevant modes of thinking and behaving throughout their lives. Nevertheless, the most important thing is to recognize such thoughts and how they could be a source of trouble in defining one’s behavior and feelings (Sheldon, 2011). Essentially, this can come into play when an individual is willing to counteract negative ways of thinking, thus leading to acceptable and helpful behavioral changes and feelings. Unlike other therapies, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be administered on a one-to-one basis, with close family members, friends or a special group of the society, depending on whether the client is comfortable with the presence of these groups of people. Ehlers and Clark Model Like in many other discipline s, several scholars have spent their time and resources in unraveling the truth behind Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Among these people are Ehlers and Clark, whose work has become instrumental in the understanding of several mental situations, which affect humanity (Corsini Wedding, 2011). Ehlers and Clark suggested several modes of approaching this issue, in their 2004 and 2000 findings respectively. Importantly, the suggestions aim at helping psychologists in handling cases of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD. The three therapy goals suggested by the two psychologists are: lower intrusions and situations, which would make one to re-experience traumatic memory, modification of negative appraisals and removal of behavioral and cognitive strategies that are considered to be dysfunctional. The following segments of this essay discuss some of the elements covered by the treatment model proposed by Ehlers and Clark, which could be used by councilors in handling clients who have men tal complications (Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes Resko, 2011). Detailed assessment interview The main purpose of this process is to allow the councilor to single out cognitive issues, which have to be dealt with during treatment. Under this, it is vital for the psychologist to identify worst aspects and most painful situations, with regard to the trauma, appreciate common emotions that are connected with the event and identify dysfunctional and problematic behavioral efforts of coping as demonstrated by the client. Rationale of treatment The most important aspect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which has to be emphasized by counselors, is the need to ensure that the client comprehends the logic behind the application of certain therapeutic approaches in handling a given situation. The rationale should therefore aim at explaining the nature of PTSD together with related symptoms. Secondly, the rationale has to show the client’s efforts in fighting the trauma. This may result into a sh ort-lived relief but can as well contribute to the management of symptoms, which may have been observed. For this to be achieved, it is equally important to confront unpleasant memories of the past. Suppression of thoughts This enables the client to appreciate the importance of preventing intrusive memories, by eliminating them from the conscious mind and increase their influence. As a result, the client is advised to adopt alternative methods and avoid pushing memories from the unconscious mind through acceptance. This should allow the client to make observations, which would allow it to come and go as if the patient was watching something else (Corsini Wedding, 2011). Education Ehlers and Clark affirmed that the role of information cannot be ignored in the understanding of how Cognitive Behavioral Therapy works. This information is important in helping the client to correct earlier assumptions towards the perceived physical impact of the trauma. Besides education, it is important for the psychologist to help the client in reclaiming his life. In this respect, the client is able to regain certain aspects of his or her life including leisure activities and pursuits (Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes Resko, 2011). The reclamation is important because most people take a different course of life when faced with traumatic situations in life. I consider it to be a very important element because it helps the affected person to remain unchanged from the time he or she was affected by the trauma. Instead, the client gets an opportunity to reconnect with the past through social contacts and activities. Additionally, cognitive behavioral approaches recovery of PTSD clients may involve the revisiting of the trauma. This strategy is essential because it helps the client to acknowledge the significance of the strategy in the treatment process. In this approach, the client gets an opportunity to revisit the traumatic incident by recounting in a more vivid and detailed manner. Through t his process, the client develops a detailed account of what might have happened in the past and also connecting with certain feelings, which could be related with it (Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes Resko, 2011). In-vivo exposure This revolves around re-examining major reminders of the trauma, which may have previously been ignored during earlier efforts of coping with the trauma. This may therefore include a series of events like exposure to the site, sounds, activities, smells and other major reminders of the trauma (Corsini Wedding, 2011). Consequently, I believe that the process is necessary during counseling since it allows one to draw a line between harmless reminders of what has happened and the actual danger of the trauma. As a result, the client is able to confront patterns of overgeneralization, which have influenced the client to ignore certain elements that are related to the exact trauma. Identification of triggers of intrusive memories This procedure allows the client to differe ntiate past events, which might have occurred at the actual time of the trauma and present stimuli. During this process, the client should have a closer look at the context within which such intrusions are likely to occur and the triggers that are commonly associated with them. After this, a comparison between past and present context of the triggers is discussed broadly to allow better discrimination of stimulus (Corsini Wedding, 2011). The last approach suggested by Ehlers and Clark is the imagery technique. In this context, imagery is used to clarify and change the perceived meaning of the trauma memory. In essence, imagery has the potential of assisting the client to tie loose ends and enable the person to reconnect with the realistic nature of trauma. Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For a counselor to effectively treat a patient using CBT, it is essential for him or her to understand the cause of the existing problem and its overall nature. This allows the selection of a mo re reliable strategy in finding the solution. Based on this, a professional psychologist is supposed to apply professional skills and knowledge in the formulation and evaluation of the issues, which surround a client’s conditions and establish a realistic treatment plan (Branch Wilson, 2010). It is therefore considered as primary modality in handling mentally disturbed people, together with other treatment strategies. As mentioned above, educational approach cannot be overlooked when finding the best treatment plan in helping a mentally disturbed person. This gives a practical and helpful sense of dealing with distressed clients. Many psychologists have adopted CBT as the most recommended approach when dealing with people who may have gone through such tough traumatic moments. Most clients are usually encouraged to embrace cognitive reorientation and change of behavior for effective and positive response towards the situation (Branch Wilson, 2010). Unlike other forms of ora l treatment, CBT focuses on behavior change and lessening the impact of observed symptoms. Additionally, practical counseling, characterized by information and coaching is paramount in ensuring that severe symptoms are relieved. In handling psychological cases, it is essential for the councilor to have a wider scope of solutions since some cases require one to think far beyond management of symptoms and behavior change. For instance, clients have to be assisted in overcoming feelings and behavior, which may arouse previous stressful moments. CBT not needed As much as cognitive behavioral therapy is highly credited for its role in managing psychological problems, there are issues, which are never handled effectively with this model of treatment. Such issues mainly present themselves in a manner that call for a solution that goes beyond addressing the existing symptoms. They may include complex disorders and higher order issues of development. In some cases, patients may fail to respo nd positively to CBT or may be put off by the entire technique (Whitfield Davidson, 2007). This may present a more complicated scenario where the counselor might be forced to consider alternative-stress management options. In this line of thought, it has also been found that clients may not agree with the fact that common psychological problems are caused by distorted emotions and irrational thoughts. Furthermore, others may have interest in discussing the issues with the counselor and not being taken through the CBT procedure. Existentialist /humanistic Therapies These theories were developed in mid 20th century. Some people refer to it as â€Å"third wave.† Humanist therapy is used to denote a certain class, which encompasses several therapies like client-centered therapy. It is generally based on a person’s hope and the capability of being self-determined. Like in other therapies applied by psychologists, humanistic counseling focuses on the present situation of a patient and the past, in order to find clarity of how history affects current events in a person’s life. Importantly, this approach does not allow judgmental conclusions, but rather uses open-ended questions, which are meant to allow the patient to have an inner examination of her thoughts and feelings. This method of counseling has been applauded for its ability to initiate self-awareness in people to allow them to move from a worse mental situation to that which is considered healthy. Despite its role in psychology, humanistic therapy was not chosen in this case because of its disadvantages, which are widely known. Firstly, this approach exposes counselors to the risk of contracting the problem if it is contagious. This is encouraged by the fact that the method allows closeness between patients and psychologists. Additionally, this therapy does not have empirical evidence, which is essential in treatment of patients. It can therefore promote narcissistic occurrences. Data c an also be used to understand trends manifested by the mental problem (Corsini Wedding, 2011). As a result of these challenges, Cognitive Behavioral therapy was chosen. Conclusion From this reflective analysis, it is evident that CBT plays a major role in helping people with emotional distortions and irrational thoughts about the world and themselves. However, for its effectiveness, there has to be communication between the counselor and the client in order to facilitate effective recovery. Through this communication, the client is allowed to appreciate the approach and techniques applied in attaining a healthy mental status. References Branch, R., Wilson, R. (2010). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Dummies. United Kingdom: Taylor Francis. Corsini, R. J., Wedding, D. (2011). Current psychotherapies. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Counseling Directory. (2012). Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies. Counseling Directory. Web. Dattilio, F. M., Hanna, M. A. (2012). Collaboration in Cogniti ve-Behavioral Therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68 (2), 146-158. Gonzà ¡lez-Prendes, A., Resko, S. (2011). Cognitive-Behavioral Theory. Sage. Web. Mulhauser, G. (2012). An Introduction to Cognitive Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Approaches. Counseling Resource. Web. Plomba. (2010). Cognitive behavior approach to psychopathology. Slideshare. Web. Sheldon, B. (2011). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. United Kingdom: Taylor Francis. Whitfield, G., Davidson, A. (2007). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Explained. United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publishing. Wright, J. (2004). Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. New York: American Psychiatric Pub. This essay on Cognitive Behavioral Approach was written and submitted by user Zeke Beasley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them What is eNotesreading

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them What is reading When theyre not out trying to catch em all, the staff  are an elusive bunch. These fantastic enigmas dwell in the depths of Capitol Hill in the heart of Seattle, and spend their days click-click-clacking away behind bright Mac screens to decipher Shakespeare, answering your homework questions, and digging up  free money for students. In between celebrating  literary holidays and battling the feels, these majestic beings drink in the words of countless literary beasts, ruthlessly ravaging mountains  of text. Whether the fantastic beasts are the staff or the books theyre readingwell,  thats up to you. Want to see how you measure up? The staff have come forth for a limited time to give you a glimpse of the fascinating arrangements of the alphabet that theyve been consuming. In other words, here  are the books that the   staff is currently reading: Alex Bloomingdale, co-founder The  Harry Bosch novels by Michael Connelley Im reading the Harry Bosch novels by Michael Connelley. They are perfect summer beach reads, but also contain lots of interesting details related to modern policing, with an emphasis on the LAPD and its inner workings. While suspension of disbelief with some of the cases is required, others are straightforward police procedurals chock full of LAPD jargon and well-researched geographical and police tidbits that could be boring for some, but are riveting if youre a fan of this sub-genre of mystery. Nick Cloud, developer The 48 Laws of Power by Robert Greene Why doesnt the FBI prosecute Hillary? Why does Trump captivate so many voters? Why does your manager get the glory for your accomplishments? Because the Laws of Powerimmutable, emergent, and seated squarely in human natureare always in effect. Robert Greenes book, The 48 Laws of Power, draws on the stern  lessons of history to show us that reality isnt the romanticized wonderland sold to us in childhood, but rather a complex interleave of human strength and weakness, vice and virtue, wisdom and stupidity, that play off each other in the struggle to make reality as we know it conform to our wishes. The results are often brutal, humorous, and instructive, and we would do well to learn from the past, lest we relive its errors and find ourselves without options, without the power to gain the things we value most. Luiz Lopes, developer Liberalism  by  Ludwig von Mises A look at the theoretical and practical arguments for classical liberalism. In it, Mises compares classical liberalism with other systems of social organization. I am  reading this book because I would like to better understand different forms of social organization, specially because this is an election year. Os Cem Melhores Contos Brasileiros do Sà ©culo  by à talo Moriconi A collection of stories from the best known and unknown Brazilian writers of the 20th century. A book I purchased on my last trip to Brazil. I dont get to practice my Portuguese as much, so reading it helps me keep it on my mind. This book shows how much the language has changed in the last century. I particularly enjoy the stories by Machado de Assis, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Sà ©rgio SantAnna, and Jà ºlia Lopes de Almeida. Heather Satoris Daniel,  customer  service A Fine Imitation  by  Amber Brock What happens when the life we  have always lived is not the one we want to have? Set in Manhattan in the 1920s,  A Fine Imitation  captures privileged socialite Vera Bellingtons desire for something more than the comfortable and predictable life shes always led. Falling head over heels for a painter, Vera must choose between familiarity and spontaneity. Allie Draper,  assistant editor How to Be a Victorian: A Dawn-to-Dusk Guide to Victorian Life  by  Ruth Goodman Have you ever looked at pictures and illustrations from the Victorian era and wondered what it would have been like to wear a hoop skirt and a corset? Or how you would have made it to work even close to on time without an alarm clock or a cell phone? Ruth Goodman presents a day in the life of a Victorian, chronicling (often from experience gleaned from personal experiments) the probable trials and tribulations you would have encountered in the Victorian era, whether you were a farmer, a fop, a laundress, or a lady- or anything in between. (Answers: 1. Disturbing, since your abdominal muscles would be atrophying and causing you lower-back pain. 2. You would pay a guy with a pocket watch to come tap on your window with a really long stick.) Wes Matlock, curriculum  editor Fierce Invalids  Home From Hot Climates  by  Tom Robbins Ive just finished reading Tom Robbinss Fierce Invalids Home From Hot Climates. This wonderful, ridiculous story follows the exploits of (ex-)CIA operative Switters, a self-proclaimed study in contradictions, as he deals with a shamans curse and a nuns prophecy. Full of wild and witty language, Fierce Invalids Home From Hot Climates  also explores more serious ideas related to lifes Big Questions and what it means to live consciously, all while romping across four continents full of comedic shenanigans. I definitely recommend this book for anyone who likes irreverent humor and unconventional storytelling. Samantha Burton,  Marketing Manager The Book Thief  by  Markus Zusak I missed the excitement over this book when it first came out, and again when the movie was released in 2013- so I know Im pretty late in reading and recommending this book (and its been done on our blog before). But its so good and, to me, totally holds up to the hype. The main reason I like this story is that the entire book is narrated by Death, who puts the story  into his own words- which are strung together with alliteration and colorful descriptions- along with the help of the Book Thiefs diary. Its a beautifully somber  story focusing on the strength, quirks, and humanity of certain notable characters- like a boxing jew, an accordion-playing painter, and a little girl who treasures books. I personally love a good audiobook (which can be rare), and the narrator Allan Corduner is amazing and Zusaks writing is wonderful listening. Its been like having Death himself reading to me I highly recommend it! Kat Draney, intern Jurassic Park  by  Michael Crichton Im currently reading Jurassic Park  by Michael Crichton. As a big sci-fi fan, I was very excited to get my hands on this novel. Since the Jurassic Park movie series is one of my favorites, I held high expectations; so far, I have not been disappointed. As most movie adaptations go, the book is by far the better choice. The beginning of the novel has incredible backstory woven with research and modern references that give the descriptions a sense of credibility. Crichtons writing style is both appealing and provoking. I have trouble setting the book down. In fact, during a particularly gruesome dinosaur scene, I was so captivated that I kept on reading while sitting in a moving car (which normally makes me carsick). I seldom discover novels that have foreshadowing that is as effective as Crichtons Jurassic Park, and the moments of reveal are truly breathtaking and horrifying. I predicted that the novel would be yet another cliched and predictable horror extravaganza, but it has blow n my speculations out of the water. I would highly recommend that you read this book if you enjoyed the movie, or if you have an interest in dinosaurs or science fiction. Jules Cordry, intern Radiance: A Novel  by  Catherynne M. Valente Im halfway through Radiance, the new novel by one of my favorite sci fi and fantasy writers, Catherynne M. Valente. Its an incredibly imaginative, witty, delightful, and rather terrifying romp through a version of the solar system in which humans started colonizing other planets in the Victorian Era, and movies are made on the Moon. The story revolves around Severin Unck, a famous female director who mysteriously disappeared while shooting a documentary on Venus. Told in fragments from fictional film scripts, interviews, gossip columns, and hardboiled detective narratives (among others), Ive found Radiance to be the kind of book thats best read at four in the morning with a cup of strong tea. Nick Teal, intern The 5 Love Languages Singles Edition  by Gary D. Chapman I am currently reading The 5 Love Languages Singles  Edition  by Gary D. Chapman. This book is based off the popular 5 Love Languages but it is directed towards single people. This book covers the five  Love Languages and gives examples of displaying them while in dating scenarios. There are also chapters focused on how to interact with single parents, friends, co workers, widows, etc. It is an interesting read. I have learned a lot about myself, and why it is tough to love me. I hope to make strides towards becoming less single once I finish this book and apply its knowledge. Please love me. Please. Anthony Pepe, intern Of Wolves and Men  by  Barry Lopez Discover the complex history that America has had with one of the most revered animals of the wild. Bringing them to near extinction over fears from ranchers, the ethically questionable sport of aerial wolf gunning (chasing and shooting down wolves with helicopters), and the loss of habitat. Now wolves are starting to come back into the states and restarting the debate on wolf population control. Barry Lopezs book goes through the entire history of wolf control in America and asks the question, Do wolves really need to be managed? Of Wolves and Men provides facts and research to suggest wolves may not be the fearsome monsters that stalk the wilderness and attack sheep in the night after all, but just want to be left alone and want to leave humans alone. Marisa Iliakis, intern Shades of Grey  by  Jasper Fforde Im reading this book called Shades of Grey by Jasper Fforde (no relation to the 50 Shades). Its about this sort of odd dystopian world where peoples social status is defined by the color that they can perceive best. For instance, if you can see purple, youre very high ranking while if you see grey, youre basically a peasant. The main character is named Eddie Russet (he can see red, hence the last name), and he wants to get ahead in life but is sort of hapless. The book has the best dry British humor, and it takes a while to really understand what is going on because it can be a bit surreal. I mean, for some reason its illegal to manufacture spoons in this world and no one really explains why. Its a really fun book though, and I would highly recommend it! Mara Childs, intern Ready Player One  by  Ernest Cline I’m currently reading Ready Player One by Ernest Cline. Set in the year 2044, it follows teenaged Wade Watts in his journey to find a video game easter egg. Hidden in the depths of this massive online virtual reality game OASIS is this secret thing that grants its finder the entire multi-billion dollar fortune left by the recently deceased OASIS creator. Enthralling and quirky, there’s something fantastic and familiar about Wade’s adventure that allows me to get lost in it. The beginning starts with a substantial backstory about the general state of the world and how this massive hunt for the easter egg came to be. While it might seem that this book is geared towards people who are avid gamers and fans of lore, it can easily suit a wide audience. It’s a dystopian novel that deals with different personal valuations of life and material objects, as well as personal relationships. I’d recommend this for people who enjoy Harry Potter, The Hunger Games, and other quests/adventures. I would also recommend listening to the audiobook read by Wil Wheaton! Caroline Engle, intern Catch-22  by  Joseph Heller Right now, Im reading Catch-22.Its one of those books I always thought I would end up reading for school, but never did, so now Im reading it in part to understand why its so famous. So far, I love how funny and satirical it is. Some books are unintentionally ridiculous, so its nice to read one that knows how outlandish its characters are. Eleanor, obligatory canine happiness ambassador Bacon  by  Bacon Woof.

International business in focus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International business in focus - Essay Example Section B: Identification of the Challenges Pestle Analysis Pestle Analysis will help in understanding the macro environmental issues (Lorat, 2009) Political The road tax has directly been linked to the total amount of emission and MOT (Merchant Over Time) has been increased. The Government has held a meeting with the automobile sector to decide about the rules and regulations related to this industry. Economic Presently the global recession has resulted in the financial crisis and has decreased the consumer purchasing power all over the world. Due to this crisis, Mercedes and various other car manufacturers are finding it difficult in increasing the revenue and profit of the companies. It has even resulted in the closure of plants by many automobile manufacturers. In this global crisis, the exchange rate between Euro and pound has resulted in high price of the cars in United Kingdom. This has decreased the sales of the company even more. Social The social environment can mainly be c ategorized into the following categories: a) Age, b) Gender, c) Income. Mercedes products have been mainly targeted for the middle aged customers. The products are not popular to that extent among the youngsters because of high price of the cars. The overall high expenditure related to the Mercedes products is the reason behind targeting the middle and high income people. As the products do not offer different range of prices starting from high price to low price for covering all classes of the society, the products do not target low income consumers. In the present situation of economic recession, this strategy is creating various challenges for the company. Technological Mercedes adds advanced technological details like air bags, shatter proof windscreens, crumple zones, collapsible steering columns etc. Use of these technologies has allowed the company in manufacturing safer cars. The plant efficiency is increasing with time. Various new production methods have been introduced fo r improving the efficiency. The facility of e-commerce and Gizmos has helped in upgrading the technology advancement. Environmental The European Union has planned to bring a new legislation which states that the average carbon dioxide emitted from the European cars must not exceed 130 g/km by the year 2015. This might be a reason of increasing concern for the company. Legal The company has maintained good relationship with the government by following the legal framework of the country. The imposition of higher tax might increase the threat of the company. Porter’s Five Forces The industry analysis of Mercedes Benz will help in understand the competitive intensity in the automobile industry (Porter, 1980; 1985; Ahlstorm and Bruton, 2009) 1) Rivalry among the existing firms The rivalry among the companies in the market where Mercedes is operating is intense. The big competitors of Mercedes Benz are BMW, AUDI, JAGUAR, ALFA ROMEO, ASTON MARTIN. Thus all big players provide their best offerings to the customers to seek their attraction. The increased rivalry has resulted in all these firms producing similar types of products, and expanding their operations into other segments like offering financial services, various alcoholic products etc. Thus the rivalry from the existing firms is very high. 2) Threat of new entrants Presently the threat of new entrants is low in the market segment where Mercedes Benz is performing its business operations. This might be because of the